Artlabeling Activity Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes Lateral View
Ankle and foot anatomy
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If you've watched a documentary film virtually primates likes chimps or orangutans you lot may take thought how useful it would be if we could use our feet the same way we use our easily. Then we could underline our anatomy textbook with our easily, and make flashcards with our feet at the aforementioned time.
But, evolution has refined our anxiety to be compatible with walking bipedally. This is why the beefcake of the pes might roughly resemble the anatomy of the mitt only is still different plenty to have unlike functions. Thus, this folio is defended to the anatomy of the ankle and foot.
| Ankle anatomy | Movements: dorsiflexion, plantar flexion Upper ankle articulation: inferior surfaces of tibia and fibula, superior surface of talus Lower talocrural joint joint: talus, calcaneus, navicular bones Ankle ligaments: medial collateral ligament, deltoid ligament, lateral collateral ligament |
| Basic of the foot | Tarsals: proximal (talus, calcaneus), intermediate (navicular), distal (cuboid, cuneiforms) bones - Mnemonic for tarsals: Tiger Cubs Need MILC Metatarsals: connect the tarsals and phalanges Phalanges: great toe consists of two phalanges (proximal, distal), the remaining four toes have three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) |
| Joints of the foot | Intertarsal: subtalar (talocalcaneal), talocalcaneonavicular, calcaneocuboid, cuneonavicular, cuboideonavicular, intercuneiform joints Tarsometatarsal: articulations between the tarsals and metatarsals Metatarsophalangeal: connect the metatarsals with the proximal phalanges Interphalangeal:great toe has one interphalangeal joint, other four toes have a two (proximal, distal) interphalangeal joints |
| Muscles of the foot | Movements: foot inversion, foot eversion, toe flexion, toe extension, toe abduction, toe adduction Dorsal muscles: extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis Lateral plantar muscles:abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi Key plantar muscles:flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantae, lumbricals, plantar interossei, dorsal interossei Medial plantar muscles:abductor hallucis, adductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis |
Contents
- Ankle anatomy
- Bones of the foot
- Joints of the foot
- Muscles of the pes
- Sources
+ Testify all
Ankle anatomy
The talocrural joint joint, also known as the talocrural joint, allows dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot. It is made up of three joints: upper ankle joint (tibiotarsal), talocalcaneonavicular, and subtalar joints. The last 2 together are called the lower talocrural joint joint.
The upper talocrural joint joint is formed by the inferior surfaces of tibia and fibula, and the superior surface of talus. The lower ankle joint is formed by the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bone. The joint is supported by a set of talocrural joint ligaments: the medial collateral or deltoid ligament, and lateral collateral ligament.
Nosotros've got yous covered with everything you lot need to know virtually the talocrural joint joint and its ligaments with these study units:
Bones of the foot
There are 26 bones in the human foot, divided into iii groups:
- Seven tarsal bones
- V metatarsal bones
- Xiv phalanges
Tarsals make upwards a strong weight bearing platform. They are homologous to the carpals in the wrist and are divided into three groups: proximal, intermediate, and distal.
Acquire the bones of the foot in half the time with these interactive quizzes and labeling activities!
- The proximal tarsal bones are the talus and calcaneus.
- The intermediate tarsal os is the navicular.
- The distal tarsals are the cuboid and three cuneiform bones (lateral, intermediate, and medial).
A useful mnemonic in social club to call back the tarsal basic is the following:
Tiger Cubs Need MILC
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Navicular
- Medial cuneiform
- Intermediate cuneiform
- 50ateral cuneiform
- Cuboid
The easiest way to learn all almost the tarsal bones is to review them one by one. You lot can do that with our boosted resources:
Metatarsals are homologous to the metacarpals of the mitt. They are involved in supporting trunk weight. On the plantar surface of the caput of the 1st metatarsal, we see two prominent sesamoid bones (a medial and a lateral 1).
Phalanges also parallel the mitt, the lateral four toes are made up of three phalanges (proximal, heart, and distal). Whilst the groovy toe (hallux) is comprised of merely 2 phalanges (proximal and distal).
We encourage y'all to take a look at our study materials to find out more than about the bones of the foot and foot ligaments.
Joints of the pes
Likewise the ankle joint which connects the pes with the leg, the bones of the human foot articulate among themselves through many synovial joints. There are four groups of foot joints: intertarsal, tarsometatarsal, metatarsophalangeal, and interphalangeal.
- The intertarsal joints are betwixt the tarsal basic. These joints are the subtalar (talocalcaneal), talocalcaneonavicular, calcaneocuboid, cuneonavicular, cuboideonavicular, and intercuneiform joints.
- Tarsometatarsal joints are the articulations between the tarsals and metatarsals.
- Metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP) are the joints betwixt the heads of metatarsals and corresponding bases of the proximal phalanges of the human foot.
- Interphalangeal joints are between the phalanges of the foot. The swell toe has only one interphalangeal articulation, while the other four toes have a proximal (PIP) and a distal (DIP) interphalangeal joint.
Muscles of the pes
Human foot muscles contribute to eversion and inversion of human foot, movements of the toes, equally well as plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. Nosotros encourage yous to go through this report unit of measurement to larn all about the foot muscles.
The foot muscles are divided into plantar and dorsal groups. In that location are simply 2 muscles in the dorsal group, while the plantar muscles are further subdivided into iii groups; lateral, cardinal, and medial.
The dorsal human foot muscles are in the dorsum of foot and they extend the toes. They are the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis muscles.
| Extensor digitorum brevis | Origin: Superolateral surface of calcaneus bone Insertion: Heart phalanges of toes 2-4 Innervation: Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (S1, S2) Function: Distal interphalangeal joints ii-4: Toe extension |
| Extensor hallucis brevis | Origin: Superolateral surface of calcaneus bone Insertion: Proximal phalanx of great toe Innervation: Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (S1, S2) Part: Metatarsophalangeal articulation one: Toe extension |
The plantar foot muscles are divided into 3 groups of muscles by the deep fasciae of the foot: lateral, central, and medial. Notation that plantar muscles can also exist studied as four layers, but here they are presented as groups.
The lateral plantar muscles act upon the fifth toe. They are the abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and opponens digiti minimi muscles.
| Abductor digiti minimi | Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity, Plantar aponeurosis Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5, Metatarsal os five Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1- S3) Function: Metatarsophalangeal joint 5: Toe abduction, Toe flexion; Supports longitudinal arch of foot |
| Flexor digiti minimi brevis | Origin: Base of metatarsal bone five, Long plantar ligament Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of digit v Innervation: Lateral plantar nervus (S2- S3) Function: Metatarsophalangeal joint 5: Toe flexion |
| Opponens digiti minimi | Origin: Long plantar ligament, Base of metatarsal bone 5, Tendon sheath of fibularis longus Insertion: Lateral border of metatarsal bone five Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2- S3) Office: Metatarsophalangeal joint v: Toe abduction, Toe flexion |
Central plantar muscles act upon the lateral four toes. They are the flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantae, four lumbricals, iii plantar interossei, and four dorsal interossei muscles.
| Flexor digitorum brevis | Origin: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, Plantar aponeurosis Insertion: Centre phalanges of digits ii-v Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S1- S3) Function: Metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5: Toe flexion; Supports longitudinal arch of pes |
| Quadratus plantae | Origin: Medial surface of calcaneus os, Lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity Insertion: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1- S3) Function: Metatarsophalangeal joints two-5: Toe flexion |
| Lumbricals | Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus Insertion: Medial bases of proximal phalanges and dorsal aponeurosis of digits two-5 Innervation: Lumbrical i: Medial plantar nerve (S2,S3); Lumbricals 2-iv: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3) Function: Metatarsophalangeal joints 2-five: Toe flexion, Toes adduction; Interphalangeal joints 2-5: Toes extension |
| Plantar interossei | Origin: Medial aspects of metatarsal bones 3-5 Insertion: Medial bases of proximal phalanges of digits three-5 Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2- S3) Function: Metatarsophalangeal joints iii-5: Toe flexion, Toes adduction; Interphalangeal joints iii-5: Toes extension |
| Dorsal interossei | Origin: Opposing sides of metatarsal basic ane-5 Insertion: Medial base of proximal phalanx of digit 2, Lateral bases of proximal phalanges and dorsal aponeurosis of digits ii-4 Innervation: Lateral plantar nervus (S2- S3) Office: Metatarsophalangeal joints ii-iv: Toe flexion, Toe abduction; Interphalangeal joints 2-4: Toe extension |
Medial plantar muscles act upon the dandy toe, or hallux. They are the abductor hallucis, adductor hallucis, and flexor hallucis brevis muscles. Note that adductor hallucis is anatomically located in the central compartment of human foot, but it is functionally grouped with the medial plantar muscles due to its actions on the great toe (hallux).
| Abductor hallucis muscle | Origin: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, Flexor retinaculum, Plantar aponeurosis Insertion: Base of operations of proximal phalanx of great toe Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S1, S2, S3) Part: Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe abduction, Toe flexion; Support of longitudinal curvation of human foot |
| Adductor hallucis musculus | Origin: - Oblique caput: bases metatarsal bones 2-4, Cuboid os, Lateral cuneiform bone - Transverse head: plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments of toes three-5 Insertion: Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3) Function: Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe adduction, Toe flexion; Support of longitudinal and transverse arches of foot |
| Flexor hallucis brevis musculus | Origin: Tendon of tibialis posterior, Medial cuneiform os, Lateral cuneiform bone, Cuboid bone Insertion: Lateral and medial aspects of base of promixal phalanx of nifty toe Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S1,S2) Office: Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe flexion; Support of longitudinal arch of pes |
Note that tendons in the foot are protected with tendon sheaths. We tin can assistance y'all with both tendons sheaths and with medial plantar muscles.
Check out these study resource:
To master all lower limb muscles, check out this musculus anatomy reference nautical chart with high-quality illustrations. It provides a quick reference to lower limb muscle origins, insertions, innervations and functions.
What's the best way of learning beefcake? Repetition for sure. And how to make repetition interesting? With Kenhub custom quizzes! Test your knowledge well-nigh the talocrural joint and foot beefcake with our quiz specially designed to aim the basic, ligaments, joints, muscles and neurovasculature of this region.
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